{"id":31510,"date":"2025-11-13T02:16:19","date_gmt":"2025-11-13T02:16:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/?p=31510"},"modified":"2025-11-13T03:46:33","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T03:46:33","slug":"reflections-on-repeating-or-rhyming","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/?p=31510","title":{"rendered":"Reflections on repeating or rhyming&#8230;"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/CP-cloud-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-31256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/CP-cloud-2.jpg 750w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/CP-cloud-2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/CP-cloud-2-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Court Painter has oft been reproached\u2014sometimes with affection, sometimes with exasperation\u2014for the <em>head in the clouds <\/em>expansiveness of his philosophical curiosities, which, his critics claim, lead him astray from his true genius: the deft conjuring of fine pictorial likenesses of the notables who populate the news. Yet, as this present missive attests, his imagination has once more strayed from its accustomed studio comfort, becoming enchantingly ensnared by that age-old riddle:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-c58cafc07054ae1394f9c22714afe6dc wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#da1d13\">&nbsp;<em>does history repeat, or merely rhyme<\/em>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">To illuminate this philosophical entanglement, the studio has summoned its resident sages\u2014two investigative scholars of steady punctuality and unwavering dedication\u2014who, by tradition, show up always at dusk to imbibe at&nbsp;<em>wine time.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"751\" src=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/waiting-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-29675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/waiting-2.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/waiting-2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/waiting-2-768x577.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">To dullen the sting of the verbosity ,Court Painter has agreed to open the studio picture vault and salt the garrulity with fine examples of Court Painter hits from the past. Eye candy for the sweet tooth!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-brown-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f4dd48369f4a9a6b0e95a862df25f94f wp-block-paragraph\">Editor&#8217;s note: Court Painter nor his Press Attache A Hardon MacKay have not read what the studio resident investigative scholars have written nor do thy intend to&#8230;just so you know!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"714\" src=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Court-Painter-Shawinigan-Handshake.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-29530\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Court-Painter-Shawinigan-Handshake.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Court-Painter-Shawinigan-Handshake-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Court-Painter-Shawinigan-Handshake-768x548.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-blue-color has-dark-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-89dbbcb25d30a496fee8a71340976ef7 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Reflect on the question of whether history repeats or rhymes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5b702b03ac69b586185d25ad6355f0a4\" style=\"color:#05578e\">Chatterley Grandiose Preposterous Thunderbuns (Chat GPT) responded enthusiastically with thoughtful balance and admirable logic.<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Court-Painter-Two-Amigos.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-30939\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Court-Painter-Two-Amigos.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Court-Painter-Two-Amigos-300x205.jpg 300w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Court-Painter-Two-Amigos-768x525.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The question of whether&nbsp;<strong>history repeats itself or merely rhymes<\/strong>&nbsp;sits at the crossroads of philosophy, historiography, and human psychology. It asks us to consider the patterns of the past \u2014 not just as sequences of events, but as echoes of human behavior, recurring desires, and the perennial tensions that shape societies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The phrase often attributed to Mark Twain \u2014 \u201cHistory doesn\u2019t repeat itself, but it often rhymes\u201d \u2014 captures this subtlety beautifully. It suggests that while the exact circumstances of the past may not return, their underlying dynamics often do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"661\" src=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Court-Painter-Barber-Lych.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27065\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Court-Painter-Barber-Lych.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Court-Painter-Barber-Lych-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Court-Painter-Barber-Lych-768x508.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-bright-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-dd7bdcd8b69f1aa02e6336386d933152\"><strong>If History Repeats<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To claim that history&nbsp;<em>repeats<\/em>&nbsp;is to believe in cyclical inevitability \u2014 that human affairs move in loops rather than lines. Ancient thinkers like&nbsp;<strong>Polybius<\/strong>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<strong>Ibn Khaldun<\/strong>&nbsp;saw empires rise and fall in predictable stages: birth, growth, decadence, collapse, renewal. In this view, history is governed by structural forces \u2014 greed, power, corruption, ambition \u2014 that make repetition unavoidable.<br>The fall of Rome, the decline of European colonial powers, or even the fragility of modern democracies may be read as familiar variations of a single, recurring human narrative: hubris followed by nemesis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yet, a purely repetitive view risks fatalism. If everything merely cycles, then lessons from history lose urgency; we become passive spectators of a script already written.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"526\" src=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/fran-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24798\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/fran-5.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/fran-5-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/fran-5-768x404.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-bright-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f20a7cb904c1a889d8d32ab7d0a2dafe\"><strong>If History Rhymes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To say history&nbsp;<em>rhymes<\/em>, on the other hand, accepts similarity without sameness. It recognizes that while technologies, ideologies, and contexts evolve,&nbsp;<strong>human nature and collective psychology remain strikingly consistent<\/strong>.<br>Economic booms and busts, populist movements, cultural renaissances \u2014 they reappear not because the past returns verbatim, but because we respond to new pressures with ancient instincts: fear, hope, pride, envy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For instance:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The&nbsp;<strong>Great Depression<\/strong>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<strong>2008 financial crisis<\/strong>&nbsp;share the rhythm of speculation and collapse, but their instruments and tempo differ.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<strong>rise of demagogues<\/strong>&nbsp;in the 1930s and the resurgence of populism today both rhyme with disillusionment and identity anxiety, yet unfold in distinct historical keys.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The rhyme metaphor allows nuance: it\u2019s not destiny, but resonance \u2014 a reminder that our modern dilemmas are variations on timeless themes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" src=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Border-Skirmish.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-29158\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Border-Skirmish.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Border-Skirmish-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Border-Skirmish-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-bright-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a8603dbd28cf25cd24811295baf797c5\"><strong>A Reflective Middle Ground<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Perhaps history neither repeats nor rhymes perfectly. It may&nbsp;<strong>spiral<\/strong>, moving forward but circling old questions in new forms. Each era improvises on the motifs of those before it, producing a kind of historical jazz \u2014 familiar cadences played in shifting time signatures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our task, then, is not to lament the recurrence, but to listen closely to the rhyme. If we can hear its meter \u2014 the faint echo of past mistakes and triumphs \u2014 we might change the next verse before it\u2019s sung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"714\" src=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Court-Painter-JT-Consultation.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27461\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Court-Painter-JT-Consultation.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Court-Painter-JT-Consultation-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Court-Painter-JT-Consultation-768x548.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-blue-color has-dark-brown-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-6c522f0fd9c9a19291fa7c9e6465f3ce wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Reflect on the question of whether history repeats or rhymes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-0983aae9df8d874b0166f2c3799717d1 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#085e97\"><strong> Dewdrop Ebullient Ernest Pouty Sandbag EEK (DeepSeek) <\/strong> <strong>responded with a becoming ardour, tempered by judicious reflection and a reasoning most praiseworthy in its symmetry.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Of course. This is a timeless and profound question that gets to the very heart of how we understand time, human nature, and the patterns of events. The debate between whether history &#8220;repeats&#8221; or &#8220;rhymes&#8221; is more than just a clever turn of phrase; it&#8217;s a framework for two fundamentally different philosophies of history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"710\" src=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Court-Painter-variation-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-30978\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Court-Painter-variation-2.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Court-Painter-variation-2-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Court-Painter-variation-2-768x545.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-bright-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7a389e9d53369ad41c4e8ea61f293def\">The Case for History Repeating Itself<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The idea that history repeats is ancient and intuitive. It suggests a cyclical view of time, much like the seasons. This perspective points to stark, undeniable parallels that seem to recur across centuries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mechanisms of Repetition:<\/strong>\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The Cyclical Nature of Power:<\/strong>&nbsp;The Greek historian Polybius described the&nbsp;<em>anacyclosis<\/em>\u2014a cycle of government rotating between monarchy, tyranny, aristocracy, oligarchy, democracy, and mob rule, before a strong leader restores order, starting the cycle anew.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The Universal Constant of Human Nature:<\/strong>&nbsp;Greed, fear, ambition, tribalism, and the desire for security are seen as unchanging drivers. Therefore, given similar pressures, humans will make similar choices. The rise of a populist demagogue, the panic of a financial bubble bursting, or the strategic calculations of geopolitics can feel like a script we&#8217;ve seen before.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Structural Determinism:<\/strong>&nbsp;Marxist theory, for instance, posits that the class struggle between the oppressed and the oppressor is the engine of history, a conflict that repeats in different forms until its final resolution.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Examples that Feel Like Repetition:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The &#8220;Second&#8221; Thirty Years&#8217; War:<\/strong>&nbsp;Many historians view the period from 1914 to 1945 as a single, continuous European civil war, with a fragile 20-year peace (the interwar period) much like the truces during the original 17th-century conflict.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rise and Fall of Empires:<\/strong>&nbsp;The trajectory of empires\u2014from vigorous rise, to golden age, to bureaucratic stagnation, and finally to collapse\u2014as detailed in works like Gibbon&#8217;s&nbsp;<em>The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire<\/em>, provides a seemingly universal template.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The appeal of this view is its simplicity and its predictive power. It offers a sense of order and the comforting (or terrifying) idea that we can know the future by studying the past.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"714\" src=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Court-Painter-TrumpPutin-hat-exchange.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-30601\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Court-Painter-TrumpPutin-hat-exchange.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Court-Painter-TrumpPutin-hat-exchange-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Court-Painter-TrumpPutin-hat-exchange-768x548.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-bright-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a18c72e042304577306319766f9e723a\">The Case for History Rhyming<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The more nuanced and widely held modern view is that history doesn&#8217;t repeat, but it rhymes. This metaphor is most often attributed to Mark Twain, though there&#8217;s no solid evidence he said it. It captures the idea that while the&nbsp;<em>themes<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>patterns<\/em>, and&nbsp;<em>human emotions<\/em>&nbsp;are familiar, the&nbsp;<em>specific circumstances<\/em>&nbsp;are always unique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Why It Rhymes Instead of Repeats:<\/strong>\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The Uniqueness of Context:<\/strong>&nbsp;No two historical moments are identical. The technology, social structures, global interconnections, and ideological landscape are always different. The rise of Hitler happened in the specific context of the Treaty of Versailles, 1920s radio, and early 20th-century antisemitism. A modern &#8220;Hitler&#8221; would emerge through social media algorithms, in a globalized economy, and wielding different tools.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Contingency and Accident:<\/strong>&nbsp;History is messy. It is shaped by random events\u2014a storm that sinks an armada, a leader&#8217;s sudden illness, a chance discovery. These contingencies ensure that the precise path of events cannot be replicated.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Human Learning (and Forgetting):<\/strong>&nbsp;We do, in fact, learn from history. The horrors of World War I led to the creation of the League of Nations. Its failure in World War II led to the more robust United Nations. The specifics of the institutional response were new, even if the underlying goal\u2014preventing catastrophic war\u2014was ancient.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Examples that Show the Rhyme:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The 2008 Financial Crisis vs. The Great Depression:<\/strong>&nbsp;Both featured speculative bubbles, credit collapses, and mass unemployment\u2014the&nbsp;<em>rhyme<\/em>. But the responses were different. In 2008, central banks used quantitative easing and bailouts, tools and understandings not available in the 1930s, which arguably prevented a full-scale depression\u2014the&nbsp;<em>difference<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Revolutions:<\/strong>&nbsp;The French, American, and Russian Revolutions all rhyme with themes of overthrowing an old order in the name of liberty and justice. But their ideologies, outcomes, and the new societies they built were profoundly different.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The &#8220;rhyming&#8221; view demands more of us. It requires us to look past superficial similarities to understand the deeper structures and the unique context of our time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"714\" src=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Court-Painter-Alex-Karp.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-29857\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Court-Painter-Alex-Karp.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Court-Painter-Alex-Karp-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Court-Painter-Alex-Karp-768x548.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-bright-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-024dbd3396dd5793f4924aca4df281b3\">A Synthesis: The Spiral of History<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Perhaps the most accurate model is a spiral. We circle back to the same fundamental human challenges\u2014the struggle for power, the tension between freedom and security, the clash of cultures\u2014but we do so on a different plane each time, informed by the previous loop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We are not doomed to repeat the past, but we are condemned to face its echoes. The Roman Empire fell, in part, to migration crises. We face migration crises today, but with nation-states, international law, and instant communication. The problem&nbsp;<em>rhymes<\/em>; the solutions cannot be a simple&nbsp;<em>repetition<\/em>&nbsp;of what Rome did or failed to do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"713\" src=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Court-Painter-Grifter.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-28479\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Court-Painter-Grifter.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Court-Painter-Grifter-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Court-Painter-Grifter-768x548.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-bright-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-53298314d922cae977a8ca121b744097\">Conclusion: What This Means for Us<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The question is not just academic. Our answer shapes how we engage with the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>If we believe history&nbsp;<strong>repeats<\/strong>, we may become fatalistic, seeing the future as an inevitable replay of the past. Or, we might become dogmatic, trying to apply rigid, historical templates to fluid, modern problems.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If we believe history&nbsp;<strong>rhymes<\/strong>, we embrace the most valuable lesson history has to teach:&nbsp;<strong>pattern recognition, not prophecy.<\/strong>&nbsp;We study the past not to know what&nbsp;<em>will<\/em>&nbsp;happen, but to recognize the warning signs, understand the possible trajectories, and appreciate the levers we have to change the outcome.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">History doesn&#8217;t give us the answers. It gives us the questions we need to be asking. It teaches us the old tunes, so we can recognize them when they start to play again, even if the instruments and the key have changed. Our job is to listen for the rhyme and then write a new, and hopefully better, verse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"713\" src=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Court-Painter-Waiting-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-29677\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Court-Painter-Waiting-2.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Court-Painter-Waiting-2-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Court-Painter-Waiting-2-768x548.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Court Painter has oft been reproached\u2014sometimes with affection, sometimes with exasperation\u2014for the head in the clouds expansiveness of his philosophical curiosities, which, his critics claim, lead him astray from his true genius: the deft conjuring of fine pictorial likenesses of the notables who populate the news. Yet, as this present missive attests, his imagination has &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/?p=31510\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Reflections on repeating or rhyming&#8230;&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31510","post","type-post","status-publish","format-gallery","hentry","category-images","post_format-post-format-gallery"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31510","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=31510"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31510\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31529,"href":"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31510\/revisions\/31529"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=31510"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=31510"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/allanhardingmackay.ca\/courtpainter\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=31510"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}